HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) retention and adherence among the youth at Tsumeb district hospital, Oshikoto Region, Namibia

Abstract

HIV and AIDS remain a critical public health concern in Namibia, where 8.46% of the population is living with HIV. Despite efforts to curb the spread, including the approval of PrEP in May 2017, Namibia still faces high HIV infection rates, particularly among young adults aged 15-40. PrEP is a preventative tool, found to be highly effective (92-100%) in preventing HIV if taken correctly and consistently as prescribed. This study focused on HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) retention and adherence among the youth at Tsumeb District Hospital, Oshikoto region, Namibia. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and perceptions toward PrEP and identify factors and challenges associated with poor PrEP retention and adherence among the youth. The study was guided by a positivist philosophy and employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive and cross-sectional design. The target population consisted of youth aged 18- 40 who had been on PrEP for at least six months. A sample size of 65 PrEP users was selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using self[1]administered structured questionnaires with both closed- and open-ended questions. Data analysis was done using Descriptive Statistics Analysis for objective one and three and Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) computer software version: IBM SPSS Statistics 27, using an Ordered Probit modelling technique for objective two. The study found that factors and challenges affecting PrEP retention and adherence among youths at Tsumeb District Hospital are multifaceted. Logistical barriers such as transportation issues, and social factors, including stigma and misinformation, were identified as key obstacles to PrEP retention and adherence. The findings highlighted the need for targeted interventions that address both personal and structural challenges to improve PrEP adherence among youth.