An analysis of the impact of digital diplomacy on information sharing using digital tools in the Ministry of International Relations and Cooperation

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of digital diplomacy on information sharing using digital tools in Namibia, particularly Ministry of International Relations and Cooperate (MIRCO) and selected diplomatic missions. In an era marked by rapid technological advancement, digital diplomacy has emerged as a critical tool for enhancing international engagement, communication efficiency, and global visibility. Literature review highlights that while digital diplomacy is being rapidly adopted globally, especially in Western and emerging economies, progress in Africa, including Namibia, remains limited. Key challenges include inadequate ICT infrastructure, cybersecurity concerns, low digital literacy among public officials, and fragmented policy responses. This emphasizes the need for institutional adaptation and capacity development, while, theoretical insights from the TAM and institutional theory further underscored the importance of user perceptions, organizational readiness, and structural support in shaping successful digital diplomacy. The study adopts a qualitative research design, drawing on in-depth interviews with 4 political diplomats, 3 administrative personnel, and 2 information and research personnel to explore their experiences, perceptions, and recommendations regarding the usage of digital tools for information sharing in diplomatic practices. Findings reveal that while digital diplomacy in Namibia is evolving, its full potential remains underutilized due to infrastructural limitations, organizational resistance to change, and inconsistent policy frameworks, institutional culture, limited ICT infrastructure, and lack of tailored training also emerged as significant barriers to effective digital engagement and information sharing. Despite these challenges, respondents identified various digital tools, such as cloud-based platforms, intercom system, real-time communication applications, and social media management software that could improve diplomatic productivity, information sharing, and global outreach if appropriately adopted. The study is grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which helped frame the analysis of user readiness, perceived usefulness, and institutional support. It also draws from institutional theory as well as relevant literature on digital diplomacy, ICT adoption in governance, and organizational change. Recommendations include investment in secure digital infrastructure, capacity-building initiatives, customized ICT systems for foreign missions, and policy reforms to align Namibia’s diplomatic processes with global digital trends. The findings provide a roadmap for MIRCO and other stakeholders to enhance the effectiveness, resilience, and innovation of Namibia’s digital diplomatic efforts.